Anemia is a common hematological disorder and global public health problem which affects both developing and developed countries with major consequences for human health and their social and economic development. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological types of anemia ant its causes among children attending Elnihoud Teaching Hospital, Elnihoud locality, West Kordufan State, Sudan. This is a cross sectional study conducted from February 2018 to February 2019. A total of 353 anemic children were enrolled in this study. Diagnosis of anemia was based on hemoglobin levels <10 g/dl in both males and females. Hb was significantly lower among anemic children with ages from 5 to 14 years old compared to those with under 5 years old (p-value = 0.006). MCV and MCH were significantly lower among under 5 years old anemic children than anemic children with ages between 5 to 14 years old (p-value = < 0.0001). Microcytic hypochromic anemia was the most common type of anemia among children with highly significant elevation among under 5 years old anemic children versus those with ages from 5 to 14 years old (p-value = < 0.0001), and the common causes of anemia were iron deficiency, malaria and immune defect or unknown. The study demonstrates that microcytic hypochromic anemia was the most common type of anemia among children particularly among those under 5 years old and the commonest causes of anemia were unknown, iron deficiency, malaria and immune defect.