@article{ author = {Thanki, Ketan and EdwardNicholls, Michael and Gomez, Guillermo and Gajjar, Aakash and JamesSenagore, Anthony and Rashidi, Laila and Qiu, Suimin and Szabo, Csaba and RichardHellmich, Mark and Chao, Celi}, title = {Consensus Molecular Subtypes of Colorectal Cancer and their Clinical Implications}, abstract ={The colorectal cancer (CRC) subtyping consortium has unified six independent molecular classification systems, based on gene expression data, into a single consensus system with four distinct groups, known as the consensus molecular subtypes (CMS); clinical implications are discussed in this review based on articles relevant to the CMS of CRC indexed in PubMed as well as the authors’ own published data. The CMS were determined and correlated with epigenomic, transcriptomic, microenvironmental, genetic, prognostic and clinical characteristics. The CMS1 subtype is immunogenic and hypermutated. CMS2 tumors are activated by the WNT-β-catenin pathway and have the highest overall survival. CMS3 feature a metabolic cancer phenotype and CMS4 cancers have the worst survival and have a strong stromal gene signature. The CMS of CRC may better inform clinicians of prognosis, therapeutic response, and potential novel therapeutic strategies.}, Keywords = {Colorectal cancer, molecular subtypes, clinical, classification }, volume = {3}, Number = {3}, pages = {105-111}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-123-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-123-en.pdf}, journal = {International Biological and Biomedical Journal}, issn = {2423-4478}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Abedian, Zeinab and AkhavanNiaki, Haleh and Zabihi, Ebrahim and Feizi, Farideh and Pourbagher, Roghayeh and Mostafaei, Ali and Jenabian, Niloofar and Mostafazadeh, Amrollah}, title = {Spontaneous Mesenchymal to Epithelial Like Tissue Transition (MET) in a Long Term Human Skin Culture}, abstract ={In an attempt to isolate multipotent stem cells from foreskin in a long-term culture, we encountered an interesting phenomenon which was the conversion of the fibroblast dominant condition to epithelial-like tissue formation. However, the basic mechanism(s) which may be involved in this conversion is not clear. This study was designed to evaluate the cells protein secretion activity and examine the role of oxidant/antioxidant capacity in this mesenchymal to epithelial cells transition (MET)-like phenomenon. The explanted tissues were obtained by spread out of the small sized foreskin derived tissue onto the cell culture dishes upona 40 –day incubation period in DMEM. After this period, the supernatant was collected and the amounts of glucose, total proteins, antioxidant capacity and protein profiles were determined and compared to the baseline medium. Also, routine hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed. Fibroblasts and uncharacterized fibers emerged from beneath of the specimen during the first week, and gradually overgrew within the first month. Surprisingly, these cells began to disappear around day 30 while epithelial-like cells turned out to be the major cells in cell culture dishes. Ultimately on day 40, the epithelial-like cells appeared. Total protein concentration was 1.44 mg/dl in the old medium versus 0.97 mg/dl in the baseline medium. The concentrations of glucose were 1.6 and 119.2 mg/dl for the old and the baseline medium, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the old medium was 176.29 μM, in comparison with the baseline medium 96.63 μM. There were differences in protein patterns between the two media on SDS-PAGE. The density of some proteins with molecular weight of 8-89 kDa was higher in the old medium corresponding to 40-day culture. The generated data showed that MET can take place in vitro probably through secretion of some small to intermediated sized proteins in a redox favored microenvironment. This can be considered as a good model for in vitro study of MET in metastatic tumors.}, Keywords = {Dermal fibroblast, epithelial cell, foreskin culture}, volume = {3}, Number = {3}, pages = {112-118}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-112-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-112-en.pdf}, journal = {International Biological and Biomedical Journal}, issn = {2423-4478}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Jarsiah, Pouria and Nosrati, Anahita and Alizadeh, Ahad and Hashemi-Soteh, Seyed Mohammad Bagher}, title = {Hepatotoxicity and ALT/AST Enzymes Activities Change in Therapeutic and Toxic Doses Consumption of Acetaminophen in Rats}, abstract ={Acetaminophen (APAP) poisoning is the most common drug intoxication, which often leads to acute liver failure (ALF). In this study, the effects of different doses of APAP on aminotransferases (AST and ALT) and liver pathological lesions were assessed in young rats. 32 male albino Wistar rats were randomly selected and divided into eight groups. In case groups, three groups after one hour, and 3 groups after three hours were sampled and sacrificed after intraperitoneal injection of 70, 150 and 300 mg/Kg.bw APAP. The variances of necropsy and macroscopic features were recorded after fixation in 10% formalin and staining with hematoxylin and eosin. There was no pathological change in the one or three hours at 75 mg/kg. The 150 mg/kg dose caused mild hyperemia and edema of the portal areas and mild infiltration of inflammatory cells at both one hour and three hours time points. Centrilobular necrosis was mild at 300 mg/kg after one and three hours, and hepatocellular necrosis was sporadically and sligthly elavated for this dose after one hour. Based on multivariate variance analysis test (MANOVA), both dose and time exerted significant effects on ALT and AST activities in the case groups at the first and third hours (P < 0.05). Due to the ability to induce a protective system against acetaminophen toxicity, ALT plasma level evaluation in the early hours will be more helpful than measuring AST level.}, Keywords = {Acetaminophen, drug toxicity, ALT, AST, hepatic necrosis, rat}, volume = {3}, Number = {3}, pages = {119-124}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-129-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-129-en.pdf}, journal = {International Biological and Biomedical Journal}, issn = {2423-4478}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {AndersonEnye, Linus and EkpenyongEdem, Edem and OlakunleIshola, Azeez and EssienUmoh, Mary and Achonwa-Njemanze, Nneoma and JohnAjay, Abimbol}, title = {Spatial Memory, Motor Coordination, Cerebellar and Hippocampal Histoarchitectural Changes following Atropine Administration to Adult Mice}, abstract ={Atropine is a non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist. In overdoses, atropine is poisonous. It is sometimes added to potentially addictive drugs, particularly anti-diarrhoea opioid drugs such as diphenoxylate or difenoxin. The aim of this study was to investigate spatial memory and motor changes associated with varying doses (5 and 10 mg/kg body weight) ingestion of atropine, as well as its impact on the hippocampal and cerebellar histoarchitecture in mice. Fifteen BALB/c mice were divided into three groups of 5 serving as control, low dosage, and high dosage groups. Atropine at 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight was administered into low and high dosage groups, respectively. Administration of atropine in both groups showed significant histological tissue damage in the hippocampus which includes neurodegeneration of neurons and distortion of the granular layer, while no evident histomorphological change to the cerebellum was observed. Low dosage mice showed memory and motor deficit, whereas the high dosage group showed no statistically significant memory function difference with the control group. Further research is necessary to find the cause of these motor deficits.}, Keywords = {Atropine, spatial memory, motor coordination, cholinergic system, hippocampus, cerebellum}, volume = {3}, Number = {3}, pages = {125-132}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-116-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-116-en.pdf}, journal = {International Biological and Biomedical Journal}, issn = {2423-4478}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {SadegAbdullahAl-Awar, Mohammed and AbdullahYahyaAl-Eryan, Mohamme}, title = {Effect of the Ethanolic Extract of Catha edulis Leaves on the Electrical Activity of Some Brain Centers of Male Rabbits}, abstract ={Catha edulis is an evergreen tree with psychotropic effects. The present work was conducted to evaluate the possible effects of the ethanolic extracts of Catha edulis leaves (ECE) on the electrical activity of 4 areas in the brain of male rabbits. Forty male rabbits weighting 2200-2500 g were divided into 4 groups. The electrical activity of motor, somato–sensory, occipital, and auditory areas were measured after 60, 120 and 180 min of intraperitoneal administration of doses of 0, 5, 10, and 15 g of Catha edulis leaves in 10 % ethanolic extract, using electroencephalography. Results showed that ECE had a significant (P< 0.001) pathological effects on the electrical activity of the studied areas of the brain, except the auditory area. Further cellular and molecular studies should reveal the mechanism of action of Catha edulis in the brain.}, Keywords = {Catha edulis, brain, electrical activity}, volume = {3}, Number = {3}, pages = {133-137}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-121-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-121-en.pdf}, journal = {International Biological and Biomedical Journal}, issn = {2423-4478}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Ojo, Gideon and Adetola, Olamide}, title = {The Relationship between Skinfold Thickness and Body Mass Index in Estimating Body Fat Percentage on Bowen University Students}, abstract ={Body Mass Index (BMI) is a weight-to-height ratio used as a quick and easy guide to obesity classification. BMI of 30 or greater is indicative of excess body fat and has been labelled as increasing the risk of degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Body fat percentage is also assessed through skinfold thickness measurement.. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of underweight and obese individuals, and determine the body fat percentage on male and female students of Bowen University, Nigeria. 150 male and 150 female students aged between 16-25 years were randomly selected. Their weight, height, triceps skinfold, abdominal skinfold, and subscapular skinfold were measured. Male students had a lower BMI (21.52±3.16 kg/m2 versus 24.47±22.99 kg/m2), and body fat percentage (11.225±3.163 versus 29.97±11.733) than the female subjects. The male and female subjects had a mean weight of 66.56±10.29 kg and 61.16±11.83 kg; height 176.05±7.73 cm and 163.93±6.54 cm, respectively. There were significant differences in all the physical characteristics (P< 0.05) except for BMI and age. Our data showed that differences exist between body composition variables of male and female studied subjects. The body fat percentage was higher in females in comparison to males who also had lower mass. Further studies in diverse populations in developing countries should help to clarify ethnic differences in body composition, and produce functional reference standards.}, Keywords = {Skinfold measurements, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, body density}, volume = {3}, Number = {3}, pages = {138-144}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-109-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-109-en.pdf}, journal = {International Biological and Biomedical Journal}, issn = {2423-4478}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {OyebunmiBraimah, Ramat and OlujideSoyele, Olujide and OlanrewajuTaiwo, Abdurrazaq and AremuIbikunle, Adebayo and OlalekanGbotolorun, Micah}, title = {Clinico-pathologic Appraisal of Lipomatous Lesions in the Head and Neck Region; a Multicenter Nigerian Study}, abstract ={Lipomatous tumors originate from adipocytes, and represent the largest group of mesenchymal tumors. Lipomas are most likely under reported due to their insidious growth. About 13% of lipomas occur in the head and neck region. When they occur in the maxillofacial region, it is likely for the patients to be referred to the hospital for aesthetical reasons. In this multicenter study, data such as age, sex, duration of lesion, widest diameter of lesion and histological diagnosis was extracted from three university teaching hospitals in Nigeria. 50 cases of lipomatous tumours were seen during the study period. There were 30 males and 20 females. Age ranged between 2 months and 62 years. 14 cases (28%) were seen in the age group of 41-50 years. There was no statistical difference between age, sex and duration of lesion (P= 0.995, 0.183 and 0.482, respectively). There were 48 cases of benign lipomatous tumors and 2 cases of malignant types with a statistical significant difference (P< 0.001). Most of the lesions (23 cases (46.0%)) were located in the cheek. As most of lipomatous lesions in the head and neck region are benign neoplasm with low prevalence in the oral cavity, health care providers must be able to diagnose the lesion and manage them appropriately.}, Keywords = {Adipocytes, head and neck, lipomatous lesions, mesenchymal tumors }, volume = {3}, Number = {3}, pages = {145-149}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-119-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-119-en.pdf}, journal = {International Biological and Biomedical Journal}, issn = {2423-4478}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Mehari, Meron and Kiros, Nahom and Yemane, Almaz and Asghedom, Nahom and Debesay, Simon and Tekeste, Tseg}, title = {Factors Affecting Treatment Adherence among HIV-Positive Patients in Eritrea}, abstract ={Strict adherence to anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is critical for sustained suppression of viral replication and prevention of opportunistic infections that often lead to disability or death. With increased availability of ART in recent years, achievement of optimal adherence has become very important in the management of HIV/AIDS in Eritrea. To assess the factors affecting adherence to ART of HIV-positive patients visiting ART clinics in Halibet national referral hospital and Hazhaz hospital, a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from January to March 2016. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study areas. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling from patients who came to take their medication from the ART out-patient department of the hospitals. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 150 patients. Almost half of the patients were between the age group of 30-40 years. Patients with an educational level of 9-12th grade had higher adherence levels. There was a significant association between age of participants and the dose missed (P= 0.002, 95% CI). The presence of adverse drug reaction (ADRs) was common, and 65% of the participants experienced them. 78.5% of the patients who experienced ADRs reported they would consult a doctor when experiencing the symptoms. 56.6% of the participants said that they always take ART on time. 62% reported they did not miss any dose of anti-HIV medication in the last seven days. Overall, the patients had good adherence to ART treatment. Perceived stigma and discrimination and medication side effects were the main reasons for non-adherence. Continuous health education on ART management and periodic counseling emerged as contributors for a better adherence level.}, Keywords = {HIV/AIDS, antiretroviral therapy, treatment adherence, adverse drug reaction}, volume = {3}, Number = {3}, pages = {150-156}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-117-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-117-en.pdf}, journal = {International Biological and Biomedical Journal}, issn = {2423-4478}, eissn = {}, year = {2017} }