@article{ author = {Sonkaya, Ezgi and Yıldırım, Zehra Süsgü}, title = {The Relation of Second Molar Distal Caries with DMFT in the Presence of Mandibular Third Molar: A Retrospective Study}, abstract ={Background: The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation parameters between the distal caries of the mandibular second molars and the eruption status of the mandibular third molars, the presence of antagonist teeth and general oral hygiene by calculating the DMFT index. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study that included a total of 679 orthopantomograms. Age, gender, angle of mandibular second molars according to Winter classification, depth degree according to Pell-Gregory classification, presence of antagonist teeth, DMFT index and distal caries of mandibular second molars were recorded. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS and descriptive statistics Mann Whitney U and Chi-square test. Results: Third molars in the vertical position in fully erupted teeth and in mesioangular position in partially erupted teeth increased the risk of distal caries in second molars. However, no statistically significant difference was observed (p≥0.05). Third molars in Class A position increased the risk of distal caries on both sides with statistically significant difference (p≤0.001). The presence of antagonist teeth (p=0.002) and DMFT index (p<0.001) statistically affected the presence of distal caries in the right second molar. Conclusions: It has been observed that third molars cause caries formation in the adjacent tooth. Although the DMFT index and the presence of antagonist teeth give an approximate idea about fully erupted teeth, it is not a safe enough parameter. Therefore, it would be appropriate to evaluate clinically and radiologically at younger ages and to make an extraction decision if necessary.}, Keywords = {DMFT Index, Antagonist teeth, Distal Caries, Third molar}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-251-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-251-en.docx}, journal = {International Biological and Biomedical Journal}, issn = {2423-4478}, eissn = {}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {JustizVaillant, Angel}, title = {A protocol and detailed methodological study on immunogenicity of various experimental vaccines.}, abstract ={This study explores the methodology of various experimental vaccines and their immunogenicity outcome in detail. The idea is to give to the reader a picture of the research methodology behind vaccine development that was used in this research. The novelty of this study bases on the demonstration of the cause and effect of antibodies produced against bacterial and viral proteins (immunogens) as idiotypic-antiidiotypic interactions that can be manipulated to bring a desired outcome. Furthermore, this preclinical study in vaccinology can be the root for building clinical trials of vaccines against important infectious microorganisms affecting humans. Methodological aspects of three experimental vaccines were shown. These vaccines were anti-HIV, anti-Salmonella, and anti-Staphylococcus aureus. The author concludes that eggs from chickens immunized with specific immunogen might be considered as a special type of oral anti-idiotypic vaccines. It was shown by development of anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies that were developed against various epitopes.  }, Keywords = {Immunogenicity, Anti-idiotypic antibodies, Vaccines, Methodological study}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-252-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-252-en.docx}, journal = {International Biological and Biomedical Journal}, issn = {2423-4478}, eissn = {}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Debbal, Sid Mohammed ElAmine and Hamzacherif, Lotfi and Mezinai, Fadi}, title = {Pathologies cardiac discrimination using the Fast Fourir Transform (FFT) The short time Fourier transforms (STFT) and the Wigner distribution (WD)}, abstract ={This paper is concerned with a synthesis study of the fast Fourier transform (FFT), the short time Fourier transform (STFT and the Wigner distribution (WD) in analysing the phonocardiogram signal (PCG) or heart cardiac sounds.     The FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) can provide a basic understanding of the frequency contents of the heart sounds. The STFT is obtained by calculating the Fourier transform of a sliding windowed version of the time signal s(t). The location of the sliding window adds a time dimension and one gets a time-varying frequency analysis. the Wigner distribution (WD) and the corresponding WVD (Wigner Ville Distribution) have shown good performances in the analysis of non-stationary and quantitative measurements of the time-frequency PCG signal characteristics and consequently aid to. signals. It is shown that these transforms provides enough features of the PCG signals that will help clinics to obtain diagnosis. Similarly, it is shown that the frequency content of such a signal can be determined by the FFT without difficulties qualitative}, Keywords = {Phonocardiogram, signal processing, sounds, Time-frequency analysis, signal analysis, FFT, STFT, WD.}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-253-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-253-en.doc}, journal = {International Biological and Biomedical Journal}, issn = {2423-4478}, eissn = {}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Babiker, Moahmed and Nour, Bakri and Saeed, Osman and Abakar, Adam}, title = {Evaluation of Microscopy Sensitivity, Specificity in Detection of P. falciparum and P. vivax, Using Monoplex real-time PCR, Gezira, Sudan}, abstract ={Background: Malaria is still account for 200 million cases annually. Microscopy is the gold standard technique for malaria parasites detection. PCR-based techniques can detect malaria infections with high sensitivity. The study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of microscopy technique in the detection of P. falciparum and P. vivax, using monoplex real-time PCR, Gezira State, Central Sudan. Methods: Microscopic examination for the presence of malaria parasite was performed for 200 Giemsa blood smears. QIAamp DNA Mini Kit Qiagen, Germany, was used for parasite's genomic DNA. Monoplex Real-time PCR was used for the identification and detection of P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria. Results: 71% of samples were positive for P. falciparum by both microscopy and the P. falciparum species-specific real-time PCR and 15% were negative by both. Out of the 40 negative samples by microscopy, 5% were found positive for P. falciparum by P. falciparum species-specific real-time PCR and 2.5% were positive for P. vivax by P. vivax species-specific real-time PCR. 18 samples that were found positive by microscopy for P. falciparum were found negative by real-time PCR, and were positive for P. vivax by P. vivax species-specific real-time PCR. Conclusions There is concordance rate of 86% between microscopy and the species-specific real-time PCR. In malaria endemic areas, adoption of high quality control procedures for microscopy, as gold standard in accurate diagnosis and species differentiation, with well trained staff following WHO criteria is needed}, Keywords = {Real-time PCR, P. falciparum, P. vivax, malaria species differentiation, Central Sudan}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-256-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-256-en.docx}, journal = {International Biological and Biomedical Journal}, issn = {2423-4478}, eissn = {}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {TalebianMoghadam, Seyede Zahra and Jorsaraei, Seyed Gholam Ali and Khanbabaei, Ramzan and GholamitabarTabari, Maryam and Ahmadi, Ali Asghar}, title = {The Effect of follicular fluid on in Vitro Maturation of Mouse Immature Oocytes}, abstract ={In vitro maturation is a highly effective method for achieving mature. Oocytes to treat infertility based on in vitro methods (IVF-ICSI). This technique is effective for treating women who suffer from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) and cancer. Immature oocytes were obtained from 6-8 weeks old NMRI mice, 48 hours after intraperitoneal injection of 7.5 units of PMSG. The collected oocytes were divided into two groups: 1.The control group including the base medium 2. The experimental group including base medium supplemented with 25% human follicular fluid.100 oocytes (50 GV oocytes and 50 MI oocytes) were considered for each group. The oocytes of each group were cultured in incubator with 5% CO2 at 37 ºC for 24 hours. Although the resumption of meiosis in the experimental group was more than the control group (44 and 33%, respectively), the difference was not statistically significant (PV>0.05). Moreover, among immature oocytes, the development of GV oocytes to mature oocyte was more than MI oocytes. 50%, 38% of GV oocytes and 28%, 38% of MI oocytes, respectively in the experimental and control groups reached to mature oocyte. Results of the present study demonstrated that a higher percentage of immature oocytes in the experimental group matured in to MII oocytes. It seems that adding follicular fluid to the culture media has positive effects on oocyte maturation. Moreover, GV oocytes are more capable to reach in MII stage compared with MI oocytes in vitro.}, Keywords = {In vitro maturation, follicular fluid, Germinal Vesicle}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-222-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-222-en.pdf}, journal = {International Biological and Biomedical Journal}, issn = {2423-4478}, eissn = {}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Mustafa, Jihan and Ahmad, Ay}, title = {Association between the level of glycosylated hemoglobin and serum lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus}, abstract ={Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by defect in insulin secretion and action resulting in hyperglycemia. Diabetic patients have deranged body metabolisms particularly for lipids which may result in abnormal levels of serum levels of lipids. Methods: The aim of this study is to find any possible correlation between the the glycosylated hemoglobin and the lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Duhok city. A total number of 235 patients with type 2 diabetes were included. Results: The mean age was 56.19 years, and females constituted 73.2%. The mean duration of diabetes was 101.30 months, and the mean level of HbA1c was 8.0297 %. About 58.30% had good glycemic control, 28.51 % had poor control, and 13.19% had excellent control. The mean level of the serum cholesterol was normal (180.63 mg/dl), and the mean level of serum triglycerides were elevated (188.46 mg/dl), the mean level of the LDL was elevated (102.07 mg/dl), and the mean HDL level was normal (47.30 mg/dl). There was a significant correlation between the mean level of HbA1c and LDL levels (P value 0.005) while the correlation was not significant for other types of serum lipids such as triglycerides, cholesterol, and HDL (P values 0.879, 0.091, and 0.253) respectively, Conclusion: Elevated glycosylated hemoglobin may be an indicator of derangement of the lipid metabolism and elevated levels of serum lipid profiles which indirectly may indicate high risk factor and as a predictor for increased risk of end stage vascular disease.}, Keywords = {Glycosylated hemoglobin, HbA1C, Diabetes mellitus, Lipid profile, LDL.}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-257-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-257-en.docx}, journal = {International Biological and Biomedical Journal}, issn = {2423-4478}, eissn = {}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Ambarkova, Vesna and Sulejmani, Arjeta and Krmzova, Tina and Nonkulovski, Zor}, title = {Fabry dissase from the dentist view}, abstract ={                 Fabry disease is a rare, inherited disease with lack of the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A (α-Gal)  in the cells of the body that participates in the breakdown of fat. The disease begins in early childhood, progresses slowly throughout life and results in severe damage of the kidneys, heart and central nervous system. The disease is life-threatening and if left untreated, death occurs in the fourth or fifth decade of life. The development of the disease and the onset of symptoms are entirely individual: they are unpredictable and often depend on hereditary predisposition. Very often a child or adult with these symptoms visits 7 to 10 different specialists before being properly diagnosed, although the fact that early diagnosis is the key of successful treatment. Early recognition of a person  with Morbus Fabry is very important, because as soon as patients start to be treated with appropriate therapy the damage of the internal organs is prevented. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) as a specific therapy for this disease was introduced in 2001 and is obtained by use of in vitro prepared alpha-galactosidase A. The  interdisciplinary team of dental specialists in collaboration with medical doctors must be included in the dental  treatment of patients with Fabry disease. They have to work together in order to improve oral health-related quality of life of patients with Fabry disease.                 Fabry disease is a rare, inherited disease with lack of the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A (α-Gal)  in the cells of the body that participates in the breakdown of fat. The disease begins in early childhood, progresses slowly throughout life and results in severe damage of the kidneys, heart and central nervous system. The disease is life-threatening and if left untreated, death occurs in the fourth or fifth decade of life. The development of the disease and the onset of symptoms are entirely individual: they are unpredictable and often depend on hereditary predisposition. Very often a child or adult with these symptoms visits 7 to 10 different specialists before being properly diagnosed, although the fact that early diagnosis is the key of successful treatment. Early recognition of a person  with Morbus Fabry is very important, because as soon as patients start to be treated with appropriate therapy the damage of the internal organs is prevented. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) as a specific therapy for this disease was introduced in 2001 and is obtained by use of in vitro prepared alpha-galactosidase A. The  interdisciplinary team of dental specialists in collaboration with medical doctors must be included in the dental  treatment of patients with Fabry disease. They have to work together in order to improve oral health-related quality of life of patients with Fabry disease.v                 Fabry disease is a rare, inherited disease with lack of the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A (α-Gal)  in the cells of the body that participates in the breakdown of fat. The disease begins in early childhood, progresses slowly throughout life and results in severe damage of the kidneys, heart and central nervous system. The disease is life-threatening and if left untreated, death occurs in the fourth or fifth decade of life. The development of the disease and the onset of symptoms are entirely individual: they are unpredictable and often depend on hereditary predisposition. Very often a child or adult with these symptoms visits 7 to 10 different specialists before being properly diagnosed, although the fact that early diagnosis is the key of successful treatment. Early recognition of a person  with Morbus Fabry is very important, because as soon as patients start to be treated with appropriate therapy the damage of the internal organs is prevented. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) as a specific therapy for this disease was introduced in 2001 and is obtained by use of in vitro prepared alpha-galactosidase A. The  interdisciplinary team of dental specialists in collaboration with medical doctors must be included in the dental  treatment of patients with Fabry disease. They have to work together in order to improve oral health-related quality of life of patients with Fabry disease.                 Fabry disease is a rare, inherited disease with lack of the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A (α-Gal)  in the cells of the body that participates in the breakdown of fat. The disease begins in early childhood, progresses slowly throughout life and results in severe damage of the kidneys, heart and central nervous system. The disease is life-threatening and if left untreated, death occurs in the fourth or fifth decade of life. The development of the disease and the onset of symptoms are entirely individual: they are unpredictable and often depend on hereditary predisposition. Very often a child or adult with these symptoms visits 7 to 10 different specialists before being properly diagnosed, although the fact that early diagnosis is the key of successful treatment. Early recognition of a person  with Morbus Fabry is very important, because as soon as patients start to be treated with appropriate therapy the damage of the internal organs is prevented. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) as a specific therapy for this disease was introduced in 2001 and is obtained by use of in vitro prepared alpha-galactosidase A. The  interdisciplinary team of dental specialists in collaboration with medical doctors must be included in the dental  treatment of patients with Fabry disease. They have to work together in order to improve oral health-related quality of life of patients with Fabry disease.}, Keywords = {Fabry disease, Oral manifestations, Rare diseases, Interdisciplinary dentistry.}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-259-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-259-en.docx}, journal = {International Biological and Biomedical Journal}, issn = {2423-4478}, eissn = {}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Gurav, Swati and Wankhede, Um}, title = {Fetomaternal outcome in preeclampsia in a tertiary care hospital}, abstract ={Abstract: Preeclampsia contributes significantly to maternal & perinatal morbidity and mortality. Objective: To study maternal & fetal outcome in preeclampsia. Method: Case records of 168 women with preeclampsia, out of which 58 had severe preeclampsia were analysed. This retrospective observational study was conducted at B.J. government medical college, Pune, during period of 1st March 2020 to 30th June 2020. Result: Incidence of PE was 6.43.  Among study group 70% were primigravida & nearly 70% were >37 weeks of gestation. 15 (8.9%) patients developed eclampsia, 6(3.5%) developed abruptio placentae, 5(2.9%) had HELLP syndrome. PPH was noted in 22% cases. Prematurity, LBW & stillbirth was noted in 54(32%), 59(35%) and 7(4%) cases respectively. 54% Cases delivered by caesarean section. The adverse maternal outcome includes PPH, eclampsia, abruptio placenta, while for fetus prematurity and LBW which increased fetomaternal morbidity in patients of preeclampsia. Conclusion:     Although it is not possible to prevent PE & its morbidity, antenatal screening for early detection & timely intervention will help to improve pregnancy outcome.}, Keywords = {Preeclampsia, HELLP Syndrome, Eclampsia, maternal morbidity}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-267-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-267-en.docx}, journal = {International Biological and Biomedical Journal}, issn = {2423-4478}, eissn = {}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Olaniran, Olarinde and Awoyeni, Ayobami Esther and Olaniran, Oluwayemisi, Olanrewaju and Adenekan, patience, Ngozi and Adegoke, Daniel and Oladosu, samuel}, title = {Seroprevalence and co-infection of Toxoplasma Gondii and Hepatitis B Virus among women of child-bearing age in Osun state Nigeria}, abstract ={This study assessed the seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii, Hepatitis B Virus, and their co-infection infection in women of child-bearing age in communities in Osun State, Nigeria. The study also determines the factors that facilitate the organisms among the studied groups and possible interaction between the prevalence of infection and the risk factors. These were done with a view to providing baseline information on the mode of T. gondii and Hepatitis B Virus transmission.       Sera were analyzed for the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii by a commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (Demeditec Diagnostics GmbH, Germany) conducted according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The optical densities of wells were measured by a photometer at a wavelength of 450 nm and the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was done using rapid immunochromatographic (IC) tests which are in cassette form. Determination of the blood groups of the donors was done using commercially prepared Anti sera A, B, AB, and anti D that determine the Rhesus blood group.       The overall prevalence of T. gondii among the women of child-bearing age in selected six communities in Osun state was 74.2%, while the overall prevalence of Hepatitis B virus among the women was 4.3% and co-infection of T. gondii and Hepatitis B virus was 3.6%. The prevalence of T. gondii was lowest (57.8%) among women from Ile Ife, a peri-urban community and highest (100%) in women residing in Alajue, a rural community. The prevalence of T. gondii infection was significantly higher (P= 0.001) among Islamic women (85.9%) than in Christian women (68.2%) while the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (5.0%) and co-infection of T. gondii and Hepatitis B virus (3.8%) was higher among Christianity. The highest prevalence of (83.6%) was recorded in women with primary education while the lowest of (58.7%) was recorded in women with tertiary education (p =0.037). The highest prevalence of T. gondii (78.5%) was recorded in women that reside in rural area and the lowest (67.5%) was recorded in women that reside in peri-urban area (p=0.016) and also the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (5.9%) and co-infection of T. gondii and Hepatitis B virus (4.6%) was higher in rural area, The highest prevalence of 74.4% of T. gondii was recorded in women with one miscarriage while the lowest value of 73.3% was recorded in women with two miscarriages and the highest prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus infection of 5.7% was recorded in women with one miscarriage while the lowest prevalence of 4.7% was recorded in women with no miscarriage.     The highest prevalence of 100.0% of T. gondii and 7.1% of Hepatitis B Virus infection was recorded in women with pregnancy while the lowest of 13.6% and 4.2% was recorded in women without pregnancy for both respectively.           The study concluded that there was a high prevalence of T. gondii infection (74.2%) and also implicates Hepatitis B virus (4.3%) and co-infection of both (3.6%) in the studied population. The high prevalence of T. gondii recorded among women of child-bearing age in the study was highly facilitated by the drinking of water from various sources in the study area. Hence, there is a need for health education and create awareness of the disease and its transmission to women of reproductive age group in general and pregnant women in particular to reduce the risk of T. gondii and Hepatitis B virus in pregnant women.}, Keywords = {SEROPREVALENCE, CO- INFECTION, Toxoplasma gondii, Hepatitis B Virus, WOMEN, CHILD-BEARING AGE, NIGERIA}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-269-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-269-en.docx}, journal = {International Biological and Biomedical Journal}, issn = {2423-4478}, eissn = {}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Justiz-Vaillant, Angel and Akpaka, Patrick}, title = {Cytokines (IL-17, IL-23, and IL-33) in Systemic lupus erythematosus in Trinidad and Tobago.}, abstract ={Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the most common autoimmune disease. It is characterized by the presence of hundreds of autoantibodies against many organs and tissues, including the presence of a large number of autoantibodies, which are specific to self-antigens mainly of nuclear origin such as Smith antigen, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), anti-Sjögren’s syndrome-related antigen A and B (SSA/Ro and SSB/La, respectively) and ribonucleoproteins, which are the hallmarks of the disease. Type I and II interferons, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and immunomodulatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β are essential players in SLE. Additionally, T-cell-derived cytokines such as IL-17, IL-21, and IL-2 are dysregulated in SLE. In this study among cohorts of 60 individuals attending the hospital clinics in Trinidad and Tobago, blood samples were analyzed and the levels of the essential cytokines were measured using SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) 2000 score. The results confirmed that serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels were positively correlated with the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) 2000 score in these patients. These findings have diagnostic and therapeutic implications. However, more work must be done targeting other cytokines relevant to autoimmunity and SLE in particular. Interleulin-33 is not an SLE marker, as has been noted in other populations.}, Keywords = {Systemic Lupus erythematosus, IL-17, IL-23, IL-33, Rheumatology, SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) 2000 score, ELISA, Immunology}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-262-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-262-en.docx}, journal = {International Biological and Biomedical Journal}, issn = {2423-4478}, eissn = {}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Bustaffa, Elisa and Minichilli, Fabrizio and Messineo, Valentina and Buscarinu, Paola and DePace, Rita and Sechi, Ornelia and Tumino, Rosario and Sensi, Flavio and Bruno, Mile}, title = {Ecological study in an area supplied with Drinking Water from Cyanotoxin Contaminated Reservoirs}, abstract ={Objectives Sardinia populations experienced continuous shortage of water resources for thousands of years. To solve this problem, during 1950-1980, the main rivers were dammed creating 45 reservoirs which rapidly became eutrophic or hypertrophic, with toxic cyanobacterial blooms and a generally poor water quality. In order to investigate relations between some cancers occurrence and drinking water consumption from eutrophic reservoirs an ecological study was performed in two Sardinia provinces between 2002-2011 comparing cancer incidence between an exposed area and a reference area. Indications on the actions to be pursued in the future to protect human health from cyanobacterial blooms exposure are suggested. Methods The provinces of Sassari and Olbia Tempio are the study area and the Ragusa Province (Sicily) the reference area since its water sources are just groundwaters and springs. Cancer incidence rates were calculated for the study area and compared to those of the reference area. Results and conclusions Among Sardinian men, for the entire study period risk excesses for cancer of esophagus (SRR=3.50), colon-rectum (SRR=1.04), liver (SRR=1.21) and pancreas (SRR=1.24) are observed. Between 2002 and 2011, women showed risk excesses for cancer of esophagus (SRR=3.44) and pancreas during the first (SRR=1.44) and third (SRR=1.67) sub-periods and risk defects for stomach (SRR=0.79) and colon-rectum (SRR=0.92) cancer during the whole study period. Exposure from cyanobacterial blooms can be considered a risk factor for the onset of cancers of the digestive organs. Further studies on individual exposure, effective daily intake and chlorination by-product presence are therefore needed, as well as prevention and water body remediation measures.}, Keywords = {Cancer development Cyanobacterial blooms, Environmental epidemiology, Microcystins, Reservoir water, Sardinia.}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-263-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-263-en.docx}, journal = {International Biological and Biomedical Journal}, issn = {2423-4478}, eissn = {}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Investigating the mRNA expression levels of Hippo pathway in adenoma polyps}, abstract ={Background Neoplastic adenomatous polyps generating from the epithelial cells are considered benign tumors. Adenomatous polyps are common in western countries and it can take seven to 10 or more years for an adenoma to evolve into cancer.  The Hippo signaling pathway, also known as the Salvador-Warts-Hippo (SWH) pathway, is a signaling pathway that controls organ size in animals through the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis, although, Hippo pathway genes have been investigated in multiple types of cancer, the role of this pathway and the manifestation of adenoma polyps are not still fully discovered. Although the molecular events occurring during the CRC development have been widely studied, the molecular events among different types of intestinal polyps remain unclear. Our study aims to evaluate the mRNA expression of three Hippo pathway components including YAP, TAZ, and TEAD1 in the progression of adenoma polyps. Methods Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to examine the mRNA expression levels of, YAP, TAZ, TEAD1in 30 pairs of human adenomas polyps’ tissues, and adjacent nontumorous tissues from CRC patients. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as the housekeeping gene in qRT-PCR, in addition, we investigated the correlation between clinicopathologic features and the candidate genes expression in patients with adenoma polyps. Results: The mRNA expression levels of YAP and TAZ, TEAD was found to be overexpressed from adenoma polyps’ tissues to adjacent nontumorous tissues (P < 0.001). Furthermore, statistical analysis showed that the expression levels of Hippo signal pathway selected components were associated with lymph node metastasis and only TAZ was associated with TNM stage (I-II) among other genes. Conclusion: Upregulation of three candidate genes within the Hippo pathway was observed, this upregulation can affect the progression of adenomas to colorectal cancer (CRC). In short, the Hippo pathway can be a crucial target for further investigation for patients with adenoma polyps.}, Keywords = {Colorectal adenomas, Hippo pathway, Gene expression}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-265-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-265-en.docx}, journal = {International Biological and Biomedical Journal}, issn = {2423-4478}, eissn = {}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Arockiya, Anita Margret and Totewad, NarayanDattatraya and S, Prasanthi}, title = {Post Natal Depression a Concealed Menace Among South Indian Women – A Systematic Observational Analysis}, abstract ={Post natal depression (PND)is a psychological interruption caused after childbirth. It is considered as a threat to women and the new born that can even haul to fatality. The prevalence and its impact were surveyed in a rustic set up at Kodiyalam village (Tiruchirappalli district).It is aspired to assay the incidence of postnatal depression in a rustic system and detect the causes along with its deleterious out comes.Survey method was adopted for the study by using purposive sampling technique. Data were collected by semi- structured interview schedulewith 80 females as respondents. The survey reported that 16% of the women were affected with the symptoms of social withdrawal and lack of family intimacy. The poor socio economic status is the main reason for the onset of this discomfort and there is a need of intensive counseling and medications to attest this condition. Though there are numerous antidepressants to combat against this psychological condition the severity of its adverse effects are more than its symptoms. PND is an essential clinical condition that requires advance research and therapeutic competence to strengthen the health of mother and child. This work suggests the implementation alternative strategy of smart herbal nanocomposites which can fortify the delivery of ayurvedic formulations encased with polymers under nanoscale. This can target the therapeutics with unique distribution that reduces its deleterious adverse effects.}, Keywords = {Child birth, Women, Antidepressants, adverse effects, herbal nanocomposite}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-266-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-266-en.docx}, journal = {International Biological and Biomedical Journal}, issn = {2423-4478}, eissn = {}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {TalebianMoghadam, Seyede Zahra and Jorsaraei, Seyed Gholam Ali and Khanbabaei, Ramzan and GholamitabarTabari, Maryam and Ahmadi, Ali Asghar}, title = {The Effect of Retinoic Acid on in Vitro Maturation of Mouse Immature Oocytes: An Experimental Study}, abstract ={Various culture media along with some supplements and enrichment materials have been suggested for in vitro maturation. This study aims to investigate the effect of retinoic acid on nuclear maturation of immature mouse oocytes in vitro. Immature oocytes were obtained from 6-8 weeks old NMRI mice, 48 hours after intraperitoneal injection of 7.5 units of PMSG. The collected oocytes were divided into two groups: 1. the control group including the base medium 2. The experimental group including base medium supplemented with 2 μM retinoic acid. 100 oocytes (50 GV oocytes and 50 MI oocytes) were considered for each group. The oocytes of each group were cultured in incubator with 5% CO2 at 37 ºC for 24 hours. The percentage of immature GV and MI oocytes that matured into MII oocytes in the experimental and control groups was (50 & 38) and (38 & 28) respectively. Regarding the maturity of GV and MI oocytes in the experimental group, although the percentage of GV oocytes transformed into MII oocytes was higher than MI oocytes 50% versus 38%, this difference was not statistically significant (PV=0. 1). Results of the present study demonstrated that a higher percentage of immature oocytes in the experimental group matured into MII oocytes. Moreover, GV oocytes are more capable to reach in MII stage compared with MI oocytes in vitro.}, Keywords = {In vitro maturation, Retinoic acid, Germinal Vesicle, Metaphase I}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-270-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-270-en.pdf}, journal = {International Biological and Biomedical Journal}, issn = {2423-4478}, eissn = {}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Justiz-Vaillant, Angel Alberto and Ferrer-Cosme, Belkis and Ramirezhernandez, Niurk}, title = {Three cases of systemic lupus erythematosus and review of the mechanisms concerning treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG).}, abstract ={The systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder with a broad array of clinical signs. In this research, we aimed to use intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) called intacglobin as monotherapy to manage an SLE in three patients. Laboratory investigations for SLE diagnosis were done, including the detection of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) and SLE confirmation by detecting high titers of anti-dsDNA antibodies.  C3 and C4 serum levels were assessed as well as the determination of immunoglobulins. The SLEDAI score was measured to decide whether a significant degree of disease activity existed and as a prognostic value. The evaluation of any chest infection was performed by chest-X-ray. The patients were treated with five to ten g/day of IVIG for six consecutive days, and after that, five to ten g/monthly. The immunological evaluation demonstrated that patients presented with a flare of SLE with high titers of ANA and anti-dsDNA antibodies were detected, low C3 and C4, and elevated immunoglobulins levels. The SLEDAI score falls from 10 to below 3, and the chest infections in some patients cleared up. The postulated IVIG's mechanisms of action demonstrated that it could be used as immunosuppressor, immunomodulator, and antimicrobial in patients with SLE.  The systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder with a broad array of clinical signs. In this research, we aimed to use intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) called intacglobin as monotherapy to manage an SLE in three patients. Laboratory investigations for SLE diagnosis were done, including the detection of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) and SLE confirmation by detecting high titers of anti-dsDNA antibodies.  C3 and C4 serum levels were assessed as well as the determination of immunoglobulins. The SLEDAI score was measured to decide whether a significant degree of disease activity existed and as a prognostic value. The evaluation of any chest infection was performed by chest-X-ray. The patients were treated with five to ten g/day of IVIG for six consecutive days, and after that, five to ten g/monthly. The immunological evaluation demonstrated that patients presented with a flare of SLE with high titers of ANA and anti-dsDNA antibodies were detected, low C3 and C4, and elevated immunoglobulins levels. The SLEDAI score falls from 10 to below 3, and the chest infections in some patients cleared up. The postulated IVIG's mechanisms of action demonstrated that it could be used as immunosuppressor, immunomodulator, and antimicrobial in patients with SLE.  }, Keywords = {Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), Autoantibody, Autoimmune disease, Pneumonia.}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-260-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-260-en.docx}, journal = {International Biological and Biomedical Journal}, issn = {2423-4478}, eissn = {}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {JustizVaillant, Angel Alberto}, title = {Risk factors for liver cancer worldwide.}, abstract ={: In this short commentary, we discuss the most important risk factors for liver cancer. One of the most striking risks is infection with hepatitis B and C viruses, leading to chronic hepatitis, which may later develop into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The use of alcohol may lead to cirrhosis, which is scarring the liver, is associated with 30 a more increase in HCC and 10-20 times more increase in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Age is another factor to be considered in almost all cancers, and it is not excluded in the development of liver cancer as the population ages, the incidence of which increases. The use of tobacco and poor nutrition can act as risk factors for liver cancer. Prevention is essential for preventing this scourge.   }, Keywords = {risk factor, alcohol, tobacco, age, hepatocellular carcinoma, fibrolamellar carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, hepatoblastoma.}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-261-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-261-en.docx}, journal = {International Biological and Biomedical Journal}, issn = {2423-4478}, eissn = {}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Khayatzadeh, Elyas and Faedmaleki, Firouz}, title = {Ferula Assafoetida Extract Prevents Acetaminophen-induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice}, abstract ={Background and aims: In recent years due to the daily usage of large amounts of chemical drugs, more attention has been paid to the effect of plants on the treatment and prevention of poisoning caused by these drugs. Herbaceous Ferula assafoetida has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, the protective effect of Ferula assafoetida hydroalcoholic extract (Fer) on acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity was investigated. Materials and methods: 42 mice weighing 25-30 g were randomly divided into six groups. The control group received normal saline and the treatment group gavaged Fer every 12 hours for 7 days 50, 100, 200mg/kg BW and a single dose of acetaminophen (Ace) 500 mg/kg on the 6th day. One other group received only Ace at a dose of 500 mg/kg BW as intraperitoneally (IP) on the 6th day, and the last group received only Fer (250mg/kg) orally for one week every 12 hours. At the end of the study (8th day), Blood was collected by heart puncture, and serum was separated to measure biochemical indices and liver tissues fixed in 10% formalin buffer. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's analysis at the significance level of P<0.05 were used to analyze data. Results: Fer significantly decreased AST, ALT, ALP, T. bilirubin parameters and significantly increased Alb in experimental groups compared to the acetaminophen group.  Conclusion: According to the results of this study, Fer has a protective role in hepatotoxicity caused by acetaminophen.}, Keywords = {Ferula assafoetida, Acetaminophen, Liver poisoning}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-271-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibbj.org/article-1-271-en.docx}, journal = {International Biological and Biomedical Journal}, issn = {2423-4478}, eissn = {}, year = {2021} }