OTHERS_CITABLE It has been shown that nosocomial infections or hospital acquired infections are recurrent problems, identified chiefly in intensive care facilities, surgical, and medical wards. In Trinidad and Tobago information on nosocomial infections are lacking. Within the period 1992-1995, 7,158 nosocomial infections were documented from 72,532 patients (10.0/100 admissions). In Europe, incidences vary from 1% for all types of nosocomial infections and up to 23.6% in pediatric intensive care units. In the United States of America, the center for disease control and prevention calculated approximately 1.7 million nosocomial infections from all types of microorganisms resulting in 99,000 deaths annually. In this literature review we report the latest information on nosocomial infections affecting the skin and soft tissue, the urinary tract, the respiratory tract, bloodstream, and central nervous system. Risk factors, antibiotic resistance, and management of some infections are also discussed. http://ibbj.org/article-1-178-en.pdf 2018-06-23 72 81 Nosocomial infection bacteria antibiotic resistance Trinidad and Tobago Camille Elliott camille_basketball@hotmail.com 1 Department of Para-clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies,West Indies,Trinidad and Tobago. AUTHOR Angel Justiz-Vaillant angel.vaillant@sta.uwi.edu 2 Department of Para-clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies,West Indies,Trinidad and Tobago. AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of flagellin (FliC) as an adjuvant. In this study, FliC(s) from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli were compared. In silico studies were designed to determine physicochemical parameters of FliC from different bacteria. The fliC gene corresponding to best model was amplified, cloned and expressed into pET28a vector. Bioactivity of the protein was determined by measurement of the interleukin 8 in cell culture after interaction of FliC with TLR-5. According to in silico studies, FliC of S. typhimorium has a higher quality of physiochemical properties, and more affinity to TLR-5 than the other FliCs. SDS-PAGE showed an approximately 54 kDa band, and Western blot confirmed the presence of recombinant protein. IL-8 was expressed significantly in cell culture under S. typhimorium FliC induction. Considering side effects, and costs of conventional adjuvants, FliC can be introduced as a potent natural adjuvant in future studies. In silico studies can save time and cost, and screen potent proteins. http://ibbj.org/article-1-158-en.pdf 2017-12-17 82 88 Salmonella typhimurium FliC adjuvant Zakaria Bameri zakariabameri@yahoo.com 1 Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR Mohammad Reza Asadi Karam zakariabameri@gmail.com 2 Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR Mehri Habibi stud.z_bameri@pasteur.ac.ir 3 Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR Mana Oloomi manaoloomi@yahoo.com 4 Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR Parastoo Ehsani p_ehsani@yahoo.com 5 Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR Saeid Bouzari saeidbouzarii@yahoo.com 6 Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Oxidative stress has been suggested to contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Increased oxidative stress is the result of either an increased production of free radicals or a depletion of the endogenous antioxidants. However, whether this imbalance of oxidant-antioxidant status in schizophrenia is integral to disease itself or the effect of antipsychotic drugs is not clearly understood. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of olanzapine and risperidone on oxidative stress, and anti oxidant status. A total of 179 patients were enrolled, and 93 of them completed the study. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured for oxidative stress assessment. Plasma levels of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and α-tocopherol (vitamin E) were measured for anti-oxidant status evaluation. All patients were studied at baseline, and after 3 months  treatment with olanzapine or risperidone. 30 apparently healthy people were taken as control. The schizophrenia group presented higher levels of oxidative stress than the control group, as revealed by elevated quantities of the pro-oxidant MDA, and decreased levels of the antioxidants GSH, plasma α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid (P< 0.01). After 3 months in both olanzapine and risperidone treated groups MDA levels were reduced significantly (P < 0.01). However, levels of erythrocyte GSH, plasma vitamin E, and vitamin C were increased significantly (P < 0.01). Therefore, atypical antipsychotics like olanzapine and risperidone improved the antioxidant status which might play a role in the improvement of schizophrenia symptoms. http://ibbj.org/article-1-170-en.pdf 2018-04-08 89 97 Schizophrenia Oxidative stress Antioxidants Olanzapine Risperidone. Fatema Zerin Khan majorfatema@gmial.com 1 Armed Forces Medical Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh AUTHOR Syeda Papia Sultana papiasyeda@gmail.com 2 Department of Pharmacology, Ashiyan Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh. AUTHOR Nargis Akhter Nargisak@gmail.com 3 Department of Pharmacology, BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh. AUTHOR Abu Syed Md Mosaddek Drmosaddek25@gmail.com 4 Department of Pharmacology, Uttara Adhunik Medical College, Uttara, Dhaka, Bangladesh. AUTHOR

CASE_STUDY Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience significant impairments in social interaction, poor planning, decision making, timing and motor skills which impact on their daily activities of living and ability to access the health care services. Early research on ASD primarily focused on children with service provision for adults is still in its infancy. The current treatment for adults with ASD is complex, considering the diverse etiology and characteristics. In this study, a 25-year-old male diagnosed with ASD at the age of 7 years underwent intrathecal autologous bone marrow derived mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) administration, followed by neurorehabilitation. Following six months of cell therapy, the patient showed improvement in concentration, attention, command following, sitting tolerance, social interactions, eye contact, and memory. His Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Indian Scale of Assessment of Autism (ISAA), Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores improved from 36 to 34, 87 to 78, and 65 to 78, respectively. As compared to pre-intervention, brain 18F-FDG PET/CT scan showed improvement in supramarginal gyrus, thalamus, basal ganglia, medial temporal cortex and cerebellum. This study suggests the efficacy of autologous BMMNCs in addressing the core neurodeficits of adult ASD, and thereby improving the quality of life. http://ibbj.org/article-1-173-en.pdf 2018-05-11 98 103 Adult autism spectrum disorder stem cell therapy autologous bone marrow derived mononuclear cells stem cells PET/CT scan Alok Sharma alok276@gmail.com 1 Department of Medical Services and Clinical Research, NeuroGen Brain & Spine Institute, Navi Mumbai, India. AUTHOR Nandini Gokulchandran drnandini76@gmail.com 2 Department of Medical Services and Clinical Research, NeuroGen Brain & Spine Institute, Navi Mumbai, India. AUTHOR Hemangi Sane doc.hemangi@gmail.com 3 Department of Medical Services and Clinical Research, NeuroGen Brain & Spine Institute, Navi Mumbai, India. AUTHOR Pooja Kulkarni poojakul28@gmail.com 4 Department of Medical Services and Clinical Research, NeuroGen Brain & Spine Institute, Navi Mumbai, India. AUTHOR Samson Nivins publications@neurogen.in 5 Department of Research & Development, NeuroGen Brain & Spine Institute, Navi Mumbai, India. AUTHOR Maitree Maheshwari maitree.neurogen@gmail.com 6 Department of Psychology, NeuroGen Brain & Spine Institute, Navi Mumbai, India. AUTHOR Prerna Badhe prernabadhe@yahoo.co.in 7 Department of Regenerative laboratory services, NeuroGen Brain & Spine Institute, Navi Mumbai, India. AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Salivary gland neoplasms account for 0.5-2% of all tumors worldwide, and can display a remarkable range of morphological diversity between different tumor types. The aim of this retrospective study was to present the clinico-pathologic characteristics of salivary gland neoplasms in a tertiary referral hospital in northwest region of Nigeria. Clinical and histopathological records of patients with salivary gland lesions that presented to the department of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery only, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, between January 2013 to December 2017, was evaluated. Data concerning age, gender, location and type of salivary gland lesion, and histologic subtypes were collected. A total of 76 cases of salivary gland neoplasms were retrieved and analyzed. There were 35 (46.1%) males and 41 (53.9%) females with M:F of 1.2:1. Mean±SD age of 31.04±18.9, and range 1-73 years was observed. 53 (69.7%) cases were benign while 23 (30.3%) were malignant. Most of the benign and malignant cases were seen in the 4th decade of life. 23 (30.3%) lesions were seen in the parotid gland with 18 (23.7%) benign and 5 (6.6%) malignant. In the minor salivary glands, 15 (19.7%) lesions were observed in the palate with 4 (5.3%) benign and 11 (14.5%) malignant. Of the benign cases, pleomorphic adenoma was the most frequent 41 (53.9%) while mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most occurring malignant case (12 (15.8%)). A distribution ratio of 1.9:1.3:1:2.2 for parotid, submandibular, sublingual, and minor salivary gland neoplasms was encountered. The peak incidences of benign and malignant tumors were in the 4th decade, which is different from Caucasians. http://ibbj.org/article-1-183-en.pdf 2018-07-18 104 111 Salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma neoplasms pleomorphic adenoma Ramat Braimah robdeji@yahoo.com 1 Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria. AUTHOR Abdurrazaq Taiwo droataiwo@yahoo.com 2 Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria. AUTHOR Adebayo Ibikunle adebayoibikunle@gmail.com 3 Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria. AUTHOR Saddiku Sahabi smsahabii@gmail.com 4 Department of Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology, Faculty of Basic Medical sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria. AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Earthworms possess antioxidant, antibacterial, antitumor, and hemolytic properties. To recognize the molecules responsible for various biological activities of earthworm’s coelomic fluid, a detailed knowledge about its protein contents is required. The aim of this study was to characterize the proteins present within the coelomic fluid of Eisenia foetida earthworm. Polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) were carried out. Several proteins with molecular masses varying from 10 to 150 kDa were further separated from the coelomic fluid of Eisenia Foetida. The biological activities of the coelomic fluid could be mediated by these proteins. http://ibbj.org/article-1-161-en.pdf 2018-01-01 112 116 Eisenia foetida coelomic fluid electrophoresis Golnaz Goodarzi golnaz8920@ymail.com 1 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. AUTHOR Durdi Qujeq dqujeq@gmail.com 2 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. AUTHOR Maryam Mitra Elmi Melmi@yahoo.com 3 Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. AUTHOR Farideh Feizi Farideh.fizi@yahoo.com 4 Department of Anatomical Sciences, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. AUTHOR Sadegh Fattahi S.fattahii@yahho.com 5 Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. AUTHOR Nargess Mosavi N.Mosavi@yahoo.com 6 Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. AUTHOR

CASE_STUDY Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIC (MPSIIIC) is a rare subtype of mucopolysaccharidosis disorder family caused by mutations in heparan-alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase (HGSNAT) gene. MPSIIIC is subdivided into four subtypes which have overlapping features, and are indistinguishable at clinical level. In populations with high consanguineous marriage rate, homozygosity mapping can be a good choice for finding a disease locus. Herein we report a female patient with a novel mutation in HGSNAT gene in Iranian population. Clinical diagnosis was accomplished based on clinical manifestations, and urine biochemical analysis. Homozygosity mapping was performed using SNP- array technology to narrow down the candidate locus. All coding exons of HGSNAT were scanned by direct DNA sequencing. We found a novel ins/del mutation as c.1357TA>C. This mutation is a frameshift which eventually leads to premature protein truncation. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case report of Sanfilippo type C in Iranian population. This result also supports the applicability of homozygosity mapping to the diagnosis of Sanfilippo subtype. http://ibbj.org/article-1-176-en.pdf 2018-07-19 117 121 Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIC HGSNAT homozygosity mapping SNP-array mutation detection Atieh Eslahi atiye.eslahi69@gmail.com 1 Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. AUTHOR Farah Ashrafzadeh ashrafzadehf@mums.ac.ir 2 Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ghaem Medical Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. AUTHOR Kazem Hasanpour hasanpourk@mums.ac.ir 3 Department of Clinical Sciences, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran. AUTHOR Majid Mojarrad majidmojarrad@gmail.com 4 Medical Genetics Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. AUTHOR Nedasadat Hosseini ns.vh.hosseini@gmail.com 5 Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. AUTHOR

SHORT_COMMUNICATION Recent pre-clinical and clinical studies have revealed the C-reactive protein gene (CRP) is related to the degree of acute rise in plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Moreover, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CRP gene could associate with increased risk of cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, obstructive pulmonary disease, periodontitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Less is known about the role of variabilities of circulating levels of CRP due to SNPs as an individual biological marker of CV risk and poor clinical outcomes due to CV reasons. The results of clinical trials and some meat-analysis are controversial in this issue. The short commentary is depicted the possible role of SNPs in CRP gene as a personified biological marker of CV risk. It has concluded that the inconsistent results in determination of the predictive role of SNPs in CRP gene as a biological marker of CV disease and CV events require more investigations. http://ibbj.org/article-1-169-en.pdf 2018-03-04 122 125 Cardiovascular risk biological markers C-reactive protein single nucleotide polymorphisms prognosis prediction Alexander Berezin aeberezin@gmail.com 1 Internal Medicine Department of Internal Medicine, State Medical University for Zaporozhye, Zaporozhye, Ukraine. AUTHOR