ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Colorectal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer and one of the deadliest types of malignancies worldwide. In recent years, extensive studies have been conducted on the effect of medicinal plants and their anti-cancer and anti-tumor effects, of which licorice is one of them. The root and the body of this plant are the two main parts of this plant, which therapeutic properties have been observed. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the cytotoxic effect of ethanolic extract of licorice root (GE) on HT-29 cell line. HT-29 cells were treated with different concentrations of extract (50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600 and 3200 μg/ml). The MTT method was employed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of GE. The results showed that the highest rate of cell death was at the concentration of 447.2 μg/ml. Also, in the GC-MS evaluation of this extract, many effective substances with anticancer properties were observed. In conclusion, GE seemed to have the ability to exert anticancer effects on epithelial colorectal cancer cells. http://ibbj.org/article-1-285-en.pdf 2024-02-27 0 0 Apoptosis Licorice root Colorectal cancer HT-29 MTT Alireza Salehi Alireza.salehi74@yahoo.com 1 Department of Pathology, Islamic Azad University, Babol branch, Iran AUTHOR Atefeh Sadat Nabavi atefehnab@gmail.com 2 Department of Pathology, Islamic Azad University, Babol branch, Iran AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE We chose ginger`s and onion's aqueous extracts to evaluate the antibacterial impact since Klebsiella pneumonia is a harmful bacterium that has gained resistance to several antibiotics, number of isolates was 35 females with different ages This investigation was done to learn more about the antibacterial properties of ginger`s and onion`s aqueous extracts against Klebsiella pneumonia, a bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections. Materials and procedures Researchers created four strengths of ginger and onion aqueous extracts (50, 30, 20, and 10 mg.ml), and investigated their efficacy against K. pneumonia, a bacterium that was isolated from urinary tract infections and identified using a Vitek-2 device. Results show that all four produced doses are bactericidal, and various inhibitory zones are present surrounding bacterial colonies. The aqueous extracts of ginger`s and onion`s both exhibit good antibacterial action at particular concentrations and collaborate effectively with others. http://ibbj.org/article-1-290-en.pdf 2024-06-11 0 0 Klebsiella pneumonia onion ginger urinary tract infections Ahmed Sami ahmed.sami@qu.edu.iq 1 Al QADISIYA UNIVERSITY AUTHOR khetam ibrahim khetam.ibrahim@qu.edu.iq 2 Al QADISIYA UNIVERSITY AUTHOR mohammed modhafar mohammed.modhafar@qu.edu.iq 3 Al QADISIYA UNIVERSITY AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Considering the difficulty of RNA extraction from tissues such as bone and cartilage in human, mainly due to their unworkable nature, few research have been conducted in this area and it had always appeared as a challenge to scientist. Although recently more and more approach has been directed toward this path, considering the medical, preventive, hereditary and therapeutical importance of RNA extraction to be then used by novel molecular methods such as NGS in order to illuminate us about the genetical nature of medical conditions which in turns brings us and immense help for the management of so many diseases. Because of the facilities and laboratory limitation that we are faced with now in Iran due to the sanctions, in this study we proceed to extract rna from the acetabular bone and cartilage of 40 adult patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty surgery with a simplified manual method of Guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol–chloroform (TRIzol) extraction. Our overall results in the laboratory indicated an acceptable amount of rna residue. Through further investigation including 4 criteria of concentration, mass, RNA integrity number (RIN), and 28S/18S, we found out that 50 percent had suitable criteria in all field except the RIN. With this new method an acceptable volume of rna with good mass, good 28s/18s and less pollution is easily derived from bone and cartilage but to access a better RIN further investigation is needed.   http://ibbj.org/article-1-292-en.pdf 2024-06-11 0 0 RNA manual extraction cartilage bone ddh type 4 afshin taheriazam a.taheriazam@iautmu.ac.ir 1 Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR sana akrami sana363a@yahoo.com 2 Faculty of medicine, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University: Tabriz, Tabriz, IR AUTHOR mohsen yari Mohsen.yari.m@gmail.com 3 Genetics Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box 14115-154, Tehran, Iran, AUTHOR