ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Hyoscine butylbromide (HBB) is a commonly used medication for the treatment of abdominal cramps. While generally considered safe, it has been shown to increase catalase activity at high doses. Oxidative stress occurs due to an excess of free radicals in the body, and the body's natural antioxidants play a crucial role in mitigating the damage caused by these radicals. Additionally, exogenous antioxidants have been shown to aid in reversing oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the potential of Annona muricata as an antioxidant following HBB-induced oxidative stress. Twenty-five female Wistar rats were utilized in this study. Two hundred and fifty grams of A. muricata leaves were macerated in 1000 mL of 95% absolute ethanol for 48 hours. The rats were divided into a positive control group, a negative control group that received 1 mg/kg of HBB, and three treatment groups that received 1 mg/kg HBB followed by 0.15 mg/kg, 0.30 mg/kg, and 0.60 mg/kg of A. muricata extract, respectively. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by post hoc LSD comparison, with values considered significant at p < 0.05. Findings demonstrated the antioxidative properties of A. muricata, evidenced by increased antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, a biomarker for oxidative stress due to lipid peroxidation. The effects of A. muricata could be attributed to the scavenging properties of its phytochemicals and its ability to reduce lipid peroxidation. http://ibbj.org/article-1-304-en.pdf 2024-12-27 0 0 Oxidative Stress Annona Muricata Hyoscine Butylbromide Superoxide Dismutase Glutathione Emma Ezeokafor e.ezeokafor@unizik.edu.ng 1 Nnamdi Azikiwe University AUTHOR Njideka Uchefuna consyroy@yahoo.com 2 Nnamdi Azikiwe University AUTHOR Charles Dike cc.dike@unizik.edu.ng 3 Nnamdi Azikiwe University AUTHOR Roy Uchefuna rc.uchefuna@unizik.edu.ng 4 Nnamdi Azikiwe University AUTHOR Chibueze Ike Kingjaycee52@gmail.com 5 Nnamdi Azikiwe University AUTHOR Cordelia Nsofor nsoforcordeliauche@gmail.com 6 Nnamdi Azikiwe University AUTHOR Paul Chinwuba paul4ever18@yahoo.com 7 University of Nigeria Nsukka AUTHOR Kosisochukkwu Okoye Kelvincastor.okoye@gmail.com 8 Nnamdi Azikiwe University AUTHOR Chidinma Okafor Okaforchidinma2001@gmail.com 9 Nnamdi Azikiwe University AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE This study determined the fingerprint patterns of 1,000 students at Federal Polytechnic Ede, Osun State, Nigeria. A fingerprint is a reproduction of the friction ridges present on the inner surface of a fingertip. Fingerprint patterns were classified based on the appearance of ridge lines, identifying loops, whorls, and arches. Samples were collected using a random sampling method. Materials used in this study included a stamp pad, white paper, bio, methylated spirit, and cotton wool. The thumbs of both hands of the respondents were printed on plain white paper. Demographic data, including name, age, sex, department, and state of origin, were collected. Of the 1,000 students, 571 were female and 429 were male. The study spanned five months, from December 2021 to May 2022. The loop pattern was the most prevalent, while the arch pattern was the least common. The distribution of dermatoglyphic patterns was found to be nearly identical on both hands, with no significant bilateral variations; however, an association between fingerprint pattern distribution and gender was established. http://ibbj.org/article-1-302-en.pdf 2024-12-25 0 0 Fingerprint patterns fingertip gender students Olufunke Dawodu dawodu.olufunke@federalpolyede.edu.ng 1 AUTHOR Abigael Oyeranmi oyeranmi@yahoo.com 2 AUTHOR Taoreed Adekilekun adekilekun@yahoo.com 3 AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Nitrogen-containing compounds, specifically benzimidazole derivatives, represent a significant class of molecules with diverse biological properties that have garnered considerable attention in medicinal chemistry. In this study, two 2-substituted benzimidazoles were successfully synthesized using a boric acid-catalyzed method. The resulting products demonstrated good yields and sharp melting points. The structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, including both proton (¹H-NMR) and carbon (¹³C-NMR) analyses.The compounds were evaluated for their alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity and antioxidant properties. Both compounds exhibited notable antidiabetic and antioxidant activities. Notably, the compound designated as BL24 demonstrated the highest alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity and radical scavenging properties. These experimental results indicate that benzimidazoles possess effective antidiabetic and antioxidant potential. http://ibbj.org/article-1-305-en.pdf 2024-12-29 0 0 Benzimidazole Antioxidant Alpha-Glucosidase Oxidative Stress Diabetes Mellitus Ibrahim Gidado ibrahimgidado74@gmail.com 1 Federal College of Education, Yola AUTHOR Abdullahi Yunusa Idris ndagiginda@gmail.com 2 Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria AUTHOR Asmau Nasir Hamza hamza.kyauta.asmau@gmail.com 3 Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria AUTHOR Aliyu Musa aliyumusa7@gmail.com 4 Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria AUTHOR Maryam Abdullahi maryamabkif3@gmail.com 5 Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria AUTHOR Ahmadu Jibril darahmadu@gmail.com 6 Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria AUTHOR Lukman Hassan Ali hlukmanali@gmail.com 7 Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria AUTHOR Jimoh Yusuf jimyus1@gmail.com 8 Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE hronic stress is known to trigger several physiological alterations; a lack of significant adaptation can lead to serious issues in physiological well-being. Vegetables are natural sources of phytochemical components and possess antioxidant capabilities. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of aqueous leaf extracts of Telfairia occidentalis and Amaranthus hybridus on cortisol, malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels in adult male Wistar rats exposed to chronic physical restraint stress. A total of 25 male Wistar rats were used, grouped into five categories (A, B, C, D, E). Groups A and B served as the positive and negative control groups, respectively; both control groups received feed and water, while group B (negative control) was subjected to stress without extract treatment. Groups C, D, and E were all subjected to stress via physical restraint for 42 days. Group C received 500 mg/kg of Telfairia occidentalis extract, group D received 500 mg/kg of Amaranthus hybridus extract, and group E received both extracts (500 mg/kg each) for 21 days. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by post-hoc LSD comparison, with significance set at P<0.05. Results indicated that stress significantly increased MDA levels, while groups C, D, and E showed significant decreases in MDA levels after receiving the extracts. However, the extracts did not significantly affect cortisol levels. The study suggests that Telfairia occidentalis and Amaranthus hybridus extracts may serve as natural remedies for combating oxidative stress by reducing malondialdehyde levels and enhancing total antioxidant capacity. http://ibbj.org/article-1-303-en.pdf 2025-02-12 0 0 Telfairia Occidentalis Amaranthus Hybridus Cortisol Malondialdehyde Total Antioxidant Capacity Emmanuel Onyema cemmanuelonyema@gmail.com 1 AUTHOR