4 International Biological and Biomedical Journal 2423-4478 5 3 2019 9 1 Influence of Electric Bulb Light Color and Type on the Attraction of Two Spotted Cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer) 0 0 EN Alexander Chukwu Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria. alexchukwu72@gmail.com N Emmanuel Okrikata Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria. okrikata@yahoo.com Y Aside being a key nocturnal Agricultural pest, the two spotted cricket is an important source of protein for humans and livestock. While control is largely by synthetic pesticides, collection is majorly through hand picking and pouring of water into their burrows. In this study, we determined their phototactic response to LED and incandescent bulb light of different colours. An experiment was setup in Federal University, Wukari, using fabricated light traps with 3 Watts light emitting diode (LED) and, 25 Watts incandescent bulbs of different colours (red, yellow, green, blue and white). A control trap was also added. The setup was from 1800hr to 2400hr. G. bimaculatus collected were counted and data subjected to variance analysis and significantly different means were separated using Student Newman Keul’s test at 5% level of probability. The relationship between light intensity of each bulb type and insect density was determined by correlation and linear regression analysis. The results showed that while LED had higher mean intensity despite lower wattage, Blue colour had the highest mean intensity (736.80 Lux) among the LEDs and white (1094.20 Lux) among the incandescent bulbs. Statistical analysis indicated that differences among LED bulb colours were due to random variation; however was significant (p < 0.001) among incandescent bulbs. 93.7% of total G. bimaculatus collected was attracted by LED bulbs with blue LED bulb alone attracting 57.1% of the total insects. Light intensity was positively and significantly correlated with G. bimaculatus count for both LED (r = 0.92, R2 = 84.4%) and incandescent (r = 0.96, R2 = 92.5%). Higher attraction of G. bimaculatus to blue coloured LED bulbs could be as a result of preference to blue colour and/or high light intensity. Hence, blue LED bulbs can be used to manipulate the insect for the benefit of man. Artificial light, G. bimaculatus, incandescent bulb, LED bulb, light colour, light intensity, preference http://ibbj.org/article-1-231-en.html http://ibbj.org/article-1-231-en.pdf

4 International Biological and Biomedical Journal 2423-4478 5 3 2019 9 1 Proximate Composition of Detoxified Jatropha curcas Kernel Meal and its Toxicological Properties 0 0 EN Joel Uyi Ewansiha Department of Microbiology, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria. ewansihajoel@gmail.com Y Lilian Sopuruchi Oriji Bio-resources Development Centre, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Lugbe Abuja, Nigeria. orjililian148@yahoo.com N Ljeoma Gladys Oriji Bio-resources Development Centre, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Lugbe Abuja, Nigeria. stephrichy@yahoo.com N Physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) is a multipurpose drought- resistant small industrial tree or shrub, widespread throughout the arid and semi-arid tropical and subtropical regions of the world whose toxicity is attributed to the antinutritional factors including trypsin inhibitor; lectin, phytate and phorbol esters in the seed and other parts of the plant which restrict its use as animal feed. In this study, the detoxification of Jatropha curcas kernel meal (JCKM) was carried out using selected organisms isolated from food products using solid state and submerged fermentations at two separate periods (five and ten days) to determine the proximate composition and toxicity in whistar rats for two weeks using standard laboratory methods. Increase in fermentation duration was found to produce significant increase (p<0.05) in protein, content at both day five (46.97±1.08mg/g) and day ten (49.96±1.32mg/g) when compared to the control (40.14±2.12mg/g) while crude fiber, fat and carbohydrate decreased with increase in fermentation time. The moisture content of J. curcas kernel fermented with submerged method (9.51±0.26mg/g) and solid state (6.86±0.71mg/g) were significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to the control (5.29±0.87mg/g). Detoxified (DTX) and non-detoxified (NDTX) JCKM fed rats showed significant reduction (p<0.05) in neutrophil count when compared with the control (rats fed commercial feed). A significant increase (p<0.05) in lymphocyte level and non-significant difference (p<0.05) in eosinophil count was observed in NDTXJCKM when compared with the control. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in monocyte count between NDTX, DTX and control. Detoxification of JCKM did not affect the haematological indices (platelet, RBC, MCH, MCHC, MCV and PCV levels) of rats except for haemoglobin (Hb) level which showed significant reduction (p<0.05) when compared with the control. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in the biomarkers of the hepatic function (AST and ALT level) in rats fed with NDTX JCKM except for ALP level which was significantly lower (p<0.05) when compared with the control. Although there was elevation in the total protein (TP) level in DTX JCKM but it was not significantly different (p>0.05) from the control. The results revealed that rats fed with DTX and NDTX JCKM had a significant increase (p<0.05) in body weight than the control. The results obtained suggest that detoxified JCKM could be used to improve nutritional quality of animal feed. Jatropha curcas L, Phorbol esters, Fermentation, Antinutrient, Haematological indices http://ibbj.org/article-1-229-en.html http://ibbj.org/article-1-229-en.pdf

4 International Biological and Biomedical Journal 2423-4478 5 3 2019 9 1 The Effect of Dragon Fruit Juice on the Serum Testosterone Level, Sperm Count, and Morphology in Wistar Albino Rats Exposed to Cigarette Smoke 0 0 EN Gita Lola Sari Master of Biomedical science, Medical Faculty, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia. sari.gitalola@yahoo.co.id Y Rosfita Rasyid Departement of Public Health, Medical Faculty, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. N Eliza Anas Departement of Biology, Medical Faculty, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia. N Cigarette smoke contains three primary toxins: carbon monoxide (CO), nicotine, and tar, which can lead to an increase in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and a decrease in antioxidant reserves. The depletion of antioxidant reserves can damage testicular cells, inhibiting the division of germinal testicular cells. Consequently, testosterone production is also inhibited, adversely affecting the quality of spermatogenesis. Red dragon fruit juice may serve as a potential antioxidant that mitigates ROS, thereby preventing damage to testicular cells. This research employed a "post-test only control group design." Twenty-five laboratory rats were divided into groups: KP (positive control), KN (negative control), P1, P2, and P3 (exposed to cigarette smoke for 15 minutes and subsequently administered dragon fruit juice at doses of 1.44 cc, 2.88 cc, and 4.32 cc, respectively) for 24 days. On the 32nd day, serum testosterone concentration was determined using ELISA. Additionally, sperm count and morphology were assessed using a digital microscope. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, with a significance level set at p<0.05.The results of this research are summarized as follows: the average serum testosterone concentrations were KN 2.29 ng/ml, KP 2.65 ng/ml, P1 2.35 ng/ml, P2 2.86 ng/ml, and P3 2.39 ng/ml. The sperm counts were as follows: KN 399 million/ml, KP 269 million/ml, P1 312 million/ml, P2 357 million/ml, and P3 362 million/ml. The morphology of spermatozoa was recorded as follows: KN 72.01%, P1 81.09%, P2 82.33%, and P3 87.70%. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA indicated that the concentration of serum testosterone was not significantly different (p=0.109), while significant differences were observed in sperm count (p=0.005) and sperm morphology (p=0.005).Based on the statistical analysis, red dragon fruit juice did not significantly affect serum testosterone hormone concentration. However, it did positively influence the quality of spermatozoa in rats exposed to cigarette smoke, resulting in increases in both sperm count and morphology. Cigarette Smoke, Spermatozoa, Testosterone, Dragon Fruit http://ibbj.org/article-1-226-en.html http://ibbj.org/article-1-226-en.pdf

4 International Biological and Biomedical Journal 2423-4478 5 3 2019 9 1 Modulation of Serum Vaspin Level by Diet Regimen in Obese Diabetic Female Patients 0 0 EN Sherif Wagih Mansour Professor of Physiology, Head of physiology department, Faculty of medicine, Zagazig University. drsherif36@hotmail.com Y Mohammed Saed Tawfiq Professor of Physiology, Faculty of medicine, Zagazig University. N Eman Abd Allah El-Shorbgy Professor of Internal medicine , Faculty of medicine, Zagazig University. N Abeer Albiomy Khalefa Professor of Physiology, Faculty of medicine, Zagazig University N Shaimaa Elsayed Hadhoud 5. Ass lecturer of Physiology, Faculty of medicine, Zagazig N Obesity was associated with high serum vaspin concentrations and increased vaspin mRNA expression in human adipose tissue , insulin resistance, and type II diabetes. However, the mechanisms how vaspin secretion may be linked to deterioration of glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity are not understood. The aim of this work is to explore the effect of dietary regimen for 6 months on serum vaspin levels in obese diabetic and non diabetic female patients. The study was carried out in Zagazig University Hospital and Obesity management and research unit. The sample size was 40 obese female patients. All participants were screened to determine the eligibility for participation in the study according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria.Control groups didn't follow any diet plan while mediterrnean diet group followed mediterrnean diet for 6 months. The following parameters were assessed at the beginning and after 6months:body mass index(BMI), waist circumference(WC),Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), Atherogenic index (AI), creatinine clearance  and circulating levels of vaspin, vitamin D ,Low density lipoprotein (LDL), High density lipoprotein (HDL), Triglyecrides (TG), Total cholesterol  (TC), glucose,insulin,HbA1c, Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Malondialdehyde (MDA). Mediterrnean diet life style for 6 months resulted in a significant decrease in BMI, WC, HOMA, AI, vaspin, LDL, TG, TC,glucose,insulin,HbA1c  and MDA with a significant increase in HDL,SOD and vitamin D. Elevated  serum vaspin and low Vit D levels  are encountered in obesity. So, vaspin may be used as a novel biomarker for obesity, insulin resistance and Type II DM management. KEY WORDS: Vaspin , Adipokines, Obesity, Type II DM http://ibbj.org/article-1-235-en.html http://ibbj.org/article-1-235-en.doc